Search for a general epigenetic mechanism of adaptation

In response to sustained environmental challenges, individuals undergo behavioral adaptation. Epigenetic-based mechanisms, including local DNA methylation and histone secondary modifications, are well suited to explain brain and behavioral adaptation. Indeed, sustained environmental changes such as early adversity and chronic stress can modulate the neuronal epigenome of the exposed individual and its descendants. However, to establish causality between environment, epigenetic changes and behavioral outcome, it must be demonstrated that the epigenome is able to “sense” and “register” sustained environmental effects, store the experience for a long period of time or even permanently, and finally alter neuronal physiology and behavior.